PART ONE GENERAL PRINCIPLES 1
1 SOILS，ROCKS，AND SOILMOISTURE 3
1-1：Components of Soils 3
1-2：Relationships between Void Ratio，Water Content，and Unit Weight 4
1-3：Engineering Properties of Soils 5
1-4：Grain Size of Soils 7
1-5：Shear Strength 8
1-6：Permeability 9
1-7：Engineering Properties of Granular Soils 10
1-8：Engineering Properties of Cohesive Soils 13
1-9：Engineering Properties of Silt and Loess 18
1-10：Engineering Properties of Organic Soils 19
1-11：Engineering Properties of Rocks 19
1-12：Typical Engineering Properties of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks 12
1-13：Engineering Properties of Sedimentary Rocks 22
1-14：Ground Water and Associated Phenomena 23
2 SOIL EXPLORATION 29
2-1：Purpose of Soil Exploration 29
2-2：Planning an Exploration Program 30
2-3：Available Information 30
2-4：Reconnaissance 32
2-5：Preliminary Design Data 32
2-6：Common Types of Boring，Sampling，and Testing 33
2-7：Standard Penetration Test 37
2-8：Thin-walled Tube (Shelby Tube) Sampling 40
2-9：Vane Test 42
2-10：Number of Borings 42
2-11：Depths of Borings 43
2-12：Ground Water Measurement 43
2-13：Geologic Profile：Soil Profile 45
2-14：Common Soil Tests 46
2-15：Example of a Soil Exploration Program 49
3 LOADS，BEARING CAPACITY，AND SETTLEMENT 53
3-1：Types of Loads 53
3-2：Calculation of Loads 56
3-3：Bearing Capacity 57
3-4：Causes of Settlement 60
3-5：Consolidation 60
3-6：Differential Settlement 62
3-7：Calculation of Loads for Settlement Analysis 65
3-8：Settlement Cracks 66
3-9：Improving Bearing Capacity by Compaction 67
4 LATERAL PRESSURES 73
4-1：Basic Concepts 73
4-2：Earth Pressure Theories 76
4-3：Rankine Theory 77
4-4：Wedge Theory 78
4-5：Hansen Theory 84
4-6：Determination of Soil Properties for Earth Pressure Computation 85
4-7：Overcompaction 86
4-8：Seepage Pressure 86
4-9：Surcharge Load 88
4-10：Ice Thrust 90
4-11：Earth Pressure during Earthquakes 92
4-12：Wave Pressure 93
4-13：Other Lateral Forces 95
5 FOUNDATION DRAINAGE AND WATERPROOFING 97
5-1：Introduction 97
5-2：Methods of Dewatering 97
5-3：Stability of Bottom of Excavation 103
5-4：Foundation Drainage 105
5-5：Criteria for Selection of Filter Material 106
5-6：Waterproofing 107
5-7：Dampproofing 109
5-8：Waterstops 109
PART TWO FOUNDATIONS 111
6 SPREAD FOOTINGS 113
6-1：Use of Spread Footings 113
6-2：Common Types of Footings 113
6-3：Design of Footings 115
6-4：Depth of Footings 115
6-5：Bearing Capacity of Soils under Footings and Mat Foundations 117
6-6：Footing Size Proportions 124
6-7：Stress on Lower Strata 125
6-8：Settlement of Footings 128
6-9：Eccentric Loading 130
6-10：Inclined Load 135
6-11：Footings on Slopes 137
6-12：Uplift of Footings 137
6-13：Structural Design of Footings 138
6-14：Fixity of Column Base and Rotation of Footing 141
6-15：Construction 142
6-16：Design Example 144
7 STRAP FOOTINGS，COMBINED FOOTINGS，AND MAT FOUNDATIONS 151
7-1：Uses of Strap Footings，Combined Footings，and Mat Foundations 151
7-2：Common Types an Arrangement of Strap Footings，Combined Footings，and Mat Foundations 153
7-3：Design of Strap Footings 154
7-4：Design Methods for Combined Footings and Mat Foundations 159
7-5：Design of Combined Footings 161
7-6：Allowable Bearing Pressure for Mat Foundations 174
7-7：Design of Mat Foundations 174
7-8：Coefficient of Subgrade Reaction 185
7-9：General Considerations in Design of Mat Foundations 189
7-10：Construction of Mat Foundation 190
8 PILE FOUNDATIONS 193
8-1：Use of Piles 193
8-2：Types of Piles 193
8-3：Timber Piles 196
8-4：Precast Concrete Piles 198
8-5：Cast-in-place Concrete Piles 200
8-6：Composite Piles 202
8-7：Steel Piles 203
8-8：Design of Pile Foundations 209
8-9：Determination of Type and Length of Piles 210
8-10：Pile Capacity 211
8-11：Pile Spacing and Group Action 216
8-12：Stress on Lower Strata 218
8-13：Settlement Analysis 220
8-14：Design of Pile Caps 223
8-15：Uplift 225
8-16：Lateral Load 226
8-17：Batter Piles 227
8-18：Negative Skin Friction 239
8-19：Test Piles 240
8-20：Construction of Pile Foundation 244
8-21：Damage，Alignment，and Effect of Pile Driving 250
9 DRILLED CAISSONS 255
9-1：Use of Drilled Caissons 255
9-2：Types of Drilled Caissons 256
9-3：Design of Drilled Caissons 258
9-4：Bearing Capacity of Drilled Caissons 258
9-5：Skin Friction of Caisson Shaft 261
9-6：Stress on Lower Strata 262
9-7：Settlement of Drilled Caissons 263
9-8：Design of Elements of Drilled Caissons 264
9-9：Bending Moment and Eccentricity 270
9-10：Horizontal Fore on Drilled Caissons 272
9-11：Construction of Drilled Caissons 273
9-12：Problems Concerning Construction of Drilled Caissons 281
9-13：Design Example 281
10 CAISSONS 289
10-1：Use of Caisons 289
10-2：Types of Caissons 290
10-3：Size and Shape of Caissons 292
10-4：Design of Caissons 293
10-5：Cutting Edge 298
10-6：Construction of Caissons 299
10-7：Sand Island Method 301
10-8：Pneumatic Caissons 303
10-9：Box Caissons (Floating Caissons) 307
PART THREE RETAINING STRUCTURES 309
11 RETAINING WALLS 311
11-1：Common Uses of Retaining Walls 311
11-2：Principal Types of Retaining Walls 313
11-3：Design of Retaining Walls 313
11-4：Proportions of Retaining Walls 314
11-5：Earth Pressure Computation 316
11-6：Stability of Rataining Walls 317
11-7：Design of Structural Components 325
11-8：Backfull Drainage 332
11-9：Settlement and Tilting of Retaining Walls 333
11-10：Construction of Retaining Walls 334
11-11：Design Example 337
12 SHEETPILING WALLS 347
12-1：Use of Sheetpiling Walls 347
12-2：Common Types of Sheet Piles 347
12-3：Common Types of Sheetpiling Walls 351
12-4：Durability of Steel Sheetpiling 352
12-5：Design of Sheetpiling Walls 354
12-6：Lateral Pressure Acting on Sheetpiling Walls 355
12-7：Design of Cantilever Sheetpiling Walls 358
12-8：Design of Anchored Sheetpiling Wall 364
12-9：Stability of Sheetpiling in Cohesive Soils 368
12-10：Rowe＇s Theory of Moment Reduction 369
12-11：Wales and Tie Rods 371
12-12：Methods for Reducing Lateral Pressure 373
12-13：Types of Anchorage 374
12-14：Capacity of Deadmen 375
12-15：Location of Anchorage 377
12-16：Construction of Sheetpiling Walls 378
12-17：Design Examples 379
13 BRACED COFFERDAMS 389
13-1：Common Uses of Braced Cofferdams 389
13-2：Common Types of Braced Cofferdams 390
13-3：Design of Braced Cofferdam 391
13-4：Lateral Pressure on Braced Cofferdams 392
13-5：Components of Braced Cofferdams 396
13-6：Stability of Braced Cofferdams 397
13-7：Piping 401
13-8：Design Example 403
11 RETAINING WALLS 311
11-1：Common Uses of Retaining Walls 311
11-2：Principal Types of Retaining Walls 313
11-3：Design of Retaining Walls 313
11-4：Proportions of Retaining Walls 314
11-5：Earth Pressure Computation 316
11-6：Stability of Retaining Walls 317
11-7：Design of Structural Components 325
11-8：Backfill Drainage 332
11-9：Settlement and Tilting of Retaining Walls 333
11-10：Construction of Retaining Walls 334
11-11：Design Example 337
12 SHEETPILING WALLS 347
12-1：Use of Sheetpiling Walls 347
12-2：Common Types of Sheet Piles 347
12-3：Common Types of Sheetpiling Walls 351
12-4：Durability of Steel Sheetpiling 352
12-5：Design of Sheetpiling Walls 354
12-6：Lateral Pressure Acting on Sheetpiling Walls 355
12-7：Design of Cantilever Sheetpiling Walls 358
12-8：Design of Anchored Sheetpiling Wall 364
12-9：Stability of Sheetpiling in Cohesive Soils 368
12-10：Rowe＇s Theory of Moment Reduction 369
12-11：Wales and Tie Rods 371
12-12：Methods for Reducing Lateral Pressure 373
12-13：Types of Anchorage 374
12-14：Capacity of Deadmen 375
12-15：Location of Anchroage 377
12-16：Construction of Sheetpiling Walls 378
12-17：Design Examples 379
13 BRACED COFFERDAMS 389
13-1：Common Uses of Braced Cofferdams 389
13-2：Common Types of Braced Cofferdams 390
13-3：Design of Braced Cofferdam 391
13-4：Lateral Pressure on Braced Cofferdams 392
13-5：Components of Braced Cofferdams 396
13-6：Stability of Braced Cofferdams 397
13-7：Piping 401
13-8：Design Example 403
14 CELLULAR COFFERDAMS 409
14-1：Common Types of Cofferdams 409
14-2：Common Uses of Cellular Cofferdams 409
14-3：Common Types of Cellular Cofferdams 412
14-4：Components of Cellular Cofferdams 413
14-5：Design of Cellular Cofferdams 415
14-6：Material Survey and Tests 415
14-7：Average Width of Cofferdams 416
14-8：Stability Analysis－Cofferdams on Rock 417
14-9：Stability Analysis－Cofferdams in Deep Soil 420
14-10：Hansen＇s Theory of Stability of Cellular Cofferdams 421
14-11：Interlock Stress 422
14-12：Construction of Cellular Cofferdams 423
14-13：Design Example 425
APPENDIX 431
A-1：Soil Classification 431
A-2：Unified Soil Classification System 431
A-3：Highway Research Board (or AASHO) Soil Classification System 432
A-4：Pedological Classification System 432
A-5：Classification of Soils by Geological Origins 435
GEOPHYSICAL MAPS OF CONTINENT AT U．S．A． 443
Distribution of Soils 444
Earthquake Zones 445
Physical Divisions 446
REFERENCES 449
AUTHOR INDEX 457
INDEX 459